Category: Regions

Costa Rica Beach
Latin AmericaRegionsTravel Tips

Seven Things to Know Before Visiting Costa Rica

A tropical and eco-friendly destination in Central America, Costa Rica is known for its lush rainforests, cloud forests, beautiful beaches, volcanoes, and incredible biodiversity. Planning a trip to the land of pura vida (pure life)? Here are seven things you should know before visiting Costa Rica.

1. Costa Rica is not as cheap as you might think

There is an assumption that Costa Rica is cheap because it’s in Central America, but that is not the case. The most expensive country in Central America, prices for certain things are comparable to or even more expensive than in the US, particularly during the high season.

Backpackers should budget at least US$50 a day while others should plan on spending US$100 to US$300 a day for nicer hotels, meals, tours, and activities. Tours alone can cost upwards of US$100, while food costs are comparable to the US and gas prices are often higher.

2. US dollars are accepted in Costa Rica

The local currency is the colon, but US dollars are also widely accepted, especially in touristy areas. Tour companies, national parks, and many restaurants and hotels all accept dollars but will give you change in colones. They will sometimes even price goods and services in US dollars.

You can get US dollars out of most ATMs. However, it may be difficult to find an ATM in smaller towns, so it’s a good idea to bring some US dollars in small denominations with you, or to withdraw money from ATMs in larger towns and cities. Also always check that the exchange rates are reasonable before paying in US dollars.

3. You can visit year-round

The rainy season in Costa Rica typically runs from May to October, though it depends on the region. Rainy season is a good time for surfers chasing big swells and visitors looking for cheaper prices, though some businesses may be closed during September and October. The northern Guanacaste region is the driest, and will see less rainfall during the rainy season.

Late November and early December are good time to visit, as everything will be extra lush from the recent rainy season. Businesses will all be open, but prices are still reasonable, and crowds have yet to arrive. December and January are the peak seasons, so expect premium prices and large crowds from both local and international tourists.

4. It will take longer than you expect to travel around Costa Rica

Although less than 20,000 square miles (larger than Switzerland but smaller than West Virginia), it can take a while to get around the country. For example, it takes more than 5 hours to drive between San Jose and Tamarindo, and more than 3 hours between Tamarindo and Monteverde Cloud Forest by car. Be sure to factor in the extra time when planning your trip, and add a few more hours if you’re taking the bus.

If you plan to rent a car, be aware that most listed prices do not include insurance, which is mandatory. The roads are often in bad condition, and drivers can be aggressive. The police can also stop any car at any time to ask for papers, so make sure you have your original passport, tourist stamp, and driver’s license if driving.

5. There’s plenty of wildlife, if you know where to look

Home to more than half a millions species of wildlife, Costa Rica is incredibly biodiverse. From adorable sloths and monkeys to colorful toucans and quetzals, tiny tree frogs, massive crocodiles, and majestic jaguars and humpback whales, you can see them all here. If you know where to look, that is.

Some animals, like sloths, are quite common, but are great at camouflage and difficult to spot. Others can only be found in specific areas, or at certain times (like at night, with more than half the wildlife nocturnal). A guided tour with a local naturalist is a great way to ensure you get the most out of your wildlife spotting experience, and may even be required to access certain parks. Bring binoculars, and a big zoom lens for your camera if you have one.

6. You can be as relaxed or as adventurous as you want

Home to more than 800 miles of coastline and 300 beaches, you could spend your entire trip just relaxing on a pretty patch of sand. Yoga retreats are also very popular. But for those looking for more thrills, Costa Rica also offers a wide range of adventurous activities.

With plenty of surf schools, Costa Rica is a great place for beginners to learn, while there are plenty of large swells for more advanced surfers. Ziplining above the tree canopy is also very popular (not surprising since ziplining was invented here). Other popular activities include scuba diving, snorkeling, white-water rafting, hiking, and canyoning.

7. The Pacific and Caribbean coasts offer different experiences

Costa Rica offers more than 600 miles of coastline along the Pacific Ocean, and more than 200 miles of coastline along the Caribbean Sea. While both are beautiful, the two coasts are quite different from each other. If you have the time, it’s ideal to visit

both coasts, but most visitors pick one or the other, especially for their first trip, depending on their preferences.

The Pacific Coast is the most developed, and will offer accommodation from budget to deluxe (including all-inclusive resorts), along with shopping, dining, and other tourist amenities. Consistent waves make it ideal for surfers. It’s also home to 10 national parks.

The Caribbean Coast is more laid back, affordable, and less crowded. This is where to go for pristine beaches and jungles. There aren’t as many parks, but the bidoversity is some of the best in the country. This area also sees an Afro-Caribbean influence in the food, language, and music.

People In Front Of Mexican Building
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Five Best Tips for Mexico Travel

Mexico is an incredible and diverse travel destination with something for everyone, from beautiful beaches to ancient ruins to vibrant cities full of culture. Here are five tips for Mexico travel to help you see the best that the country has to offer, with some can’t miss destinations and attractions.

1. Mexico has amazing beach resorts, but venture outside for unique experiences

Mexico has some fantastic beach resorts, including Cancun, Riviera Maya, Puerto Vallarta, and Los Cabos. These areas offer beautiful beaches, fun activities, and all the amenities you need to enjoy your vacation in style. The all-inclusive resorts in particular offer a great value, and include just about everything, including accommodation, food, drinks, and activities.

Cancun Mexico Beach Resorts

Beach resorts are great, but you will be missing out on a lot if you never venture outside. In many cases, there are incredible things to see and do just outside the resorts. For example, you can take a water taxi from Puerto Vallarta to the Yalapa, a tiny fishing village with cobblestone streets and pretty waterfalls, or visit the charming surf town of Sayulita an hour away. The artsy enclave of Todos Santos and the hot springs of Miraflores are easily accessible from Los Cabos. Not far from Cancun, travelers can visit the archeological wonder of Chichen Itza by booking the 13 Day Mexico’s Mayan & Aztec Illumination guided tour with Gate 1. And near Riviera Maya are thousands of cenotes—natural sinkholes with crystal clear waters that you can swim, snorkel, or dive.

2. Spend some time in the cities and magical towns of Mexico

Many visitors skip the big cities in Mexico, which is a shame, as they offer an authentic experience and have so much to offer. Mexico City, the country’s capital, has excellent museums (the Anthropology Museum, or el Museo Nacional de Antropologica, is a must), archeological sites, beautiful parks, and a thriving arts and culinary scene. Guadalajara, Mexico’s second largest city, is the birthplace of tequila and mariachi, and offers incredible architecture, culture, and a lively nightlife scene.

Old Basilica Shrine Mexico City

Even if you don’t make it to a major metropolis, you should spend some time at a magical town (or pueblos magicos), a town that’s been designated by the government as especially beautiful, noteworthy, or culturally relevant. There are more than 120 magical towns, including the likes of San Miguel de Allende, Cholula, Valladolid, and San Cristobal de las Casas. If travelers are interested in visiting Mexico City, Cholula, or other towns, then they should book the 9 Day Central Mexico with Oaxaca guided tour with Gate 1 to get their urban fix.

3. Mexico has a long and rich history, with incredible ruins all around

Mexico has thousands of years of history, with ancient civilizations such as the Maya, Aztec, Olmec, and Zapotec occupying different regions and periods in its long history. These civilizations have left behind remnants that include entire cities, massive pyramids, temples, and other ruins. If travelers are interested in learning more about this, the 10 Day Colonial Mexico guided tour with Gate 1 is the perfect choice!

Ancient Mexico Chichen Itza

The most famous site in Mexico is probably the massive pyramid of Chichen Itza, located on the Yucatan Peninsula. Around Tulum, several Mayan sites can be seen overlooking the Caribbean, while slightly further away is the mysterious and largely unexplored site of Coba, believed to be one of the largest Mayan sites. Near Mexico city, Teotihuacan was once the largest city in the Americas, while within Mexico City itself you can see the remnants of Templo Mayor, the main temple of the Aztec Empire. In the southern Mexican state of Chiapas, Palenque is surrounded by jungle and a UNESCO World Heritage site.

4. Mexico has the world’s largest concentration of cenotes

Mexico is home to thousands of cenotes, with more than 6,000 of them in the Yucatan Peninsula alone. A cenote is a natural sinkhole that is filled with freshwater, and often connected to a large body of water underground. Depending on the age, they can be entirely open, partially open, or underground caverns and caves. The Mayans believed the cenotes to be a gateway to Xibalbá, the underworld, and many were used for ceremonial purposes.

Today, you can enjoy the unique experience of swimming, snorkeling, or scuba diving in many of the cenotes, with the crystal clear waters offering an otherworldly experience. Dos Ojos near Tulum is the most visited cenote, while El Pit is the deepest cenote and a favorite with scuba divers. Popular cenotes near Playa del Carmen include Azul and Jardin del Eden, while popular cenotes near Chichen Itzen include Il-Kil and Suytun.

5. The natural beauty of Mexico is varied and breathtaking

Mexico is incredibly diverse, with a natural landscape that include rich marine environments, beautiful beaches, vast canyons, towering mountains, and everything in between. There are also numerous biospheres, national parks, and nature reserves.

Sea of Cortez Mexico

Highlights include Copper canyon, a series of canyons in the Sierra Madre Occidental Range of northern Mexico that’s bigger and deeper than the Grand Canyon. The Copper Canyon train is also one of the prettiest train rides in the world. Pico de Orizaba is the tallest volcano and third highest peak in North America, and offers great hiking and climbing, while Sotano de las Golondrinas, at 1,400 feet, is the largest known cave shaft in the world. For a unique environmental experience, take the optional full day Celestun tour featured in Gate 1’s 8 Day Classic Yucatan with Merida, Tulum & Chichen Itza guided tour. On this tour, travelers will glide through coastal mangrove forests, view flora and fauna. Also, they will get a chance to see flamingos in their natural habitat, along with pelicans, herons, and other species.

colorful houses of bogota in colombia
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Seven Things to See in Colombia

Once a dangerous country that was largely cut off from tourism, today Colombia is an increasingly popular destination. With a rich history and culture, and an incredibly diverse landscape that spans snow-capped peaks, lush jungles and rainforest, vast deserts, and tropical beaches, there’s so much to do and see in the Gateway to South America. Here are the seven best things to see in Colombia.

Vibrant cities

Bogotá, Cartagena, and Medellin are all large cities, but they are also vibrant, unique, and well worth visiting. The largest city in Colombia and its capital, Bogotá is a heady mix of urban cool, colonial charm, excellent museums, and a lively culinary scene. Considered the crown jewel of the Caribbean coast, the port city of Cartagena is full of history and culture. A visit to its renowned colonial Old Town is a must and a step back in time, while upscale Bocagrande offers a chic beach destination. Situated in the Aburrá valley, Medellin has shed its crime-ridden image to become an innovative and modern city with lush eco parks, hillside settlements, and a vibrant nightlife scene. You can visit these cities with our 8 Day Classic Colombia package.

Colorful colonial towns

Colombia is filled with colorful colonial towns (or pueblos), many dating from the 16th century, with plenty of charm and well-preserved architecture. No visit to the country would be complete without a visit to some of these historic sites. Barichara, with its red tiled roofs and cobblestone streets, is considered the country’s prettiest. Guatapé is considered its most colorful, with buildings painted in vibrant and dazzling shades, while Popoyán is known as the ‘White City’ (Ciudad Blanca) for its chalk white buildings. Villa de Leyva’s massive Plaza Mayor is one of the largest town squares in South America and a sight to behold, while sleepy Santa Cruz de Mompox is famous for its well-preserved buildings and pretty riverside views.

National parks and nature reserves

Colombia is home to nearly 60 natural national parks and nature reserves, covering everything from the tropics to the mountains and everything in between. Tayrona is one of the country’s most popular parks, and it’s easy to see why. Where the mountains and jungle meets the sea, the park offers beautiful beaches, jungles, cloud forests, and incredible biodiversity. For snow-capped mountains, head to El Cocuy or Los Nevados, which is also home to the active Volcano Ruiz, or explore the glacial lakes of Chingaza. Don’t miss Sierra de la Macarena and the rainbow colored rivers of Caño Cristales, lush waterfalls, and lovely swimming holes. See wildlife among the green grassland of El Tuparro or explore the flooded tropical rainforest of Amacayacu.

Coffee farms and towering palm trees

Colombia is one of the top coffee growing regions in the world, with the majority of the production centered in the Coffee Region (Eje Cafetero or Zona Cafetera). Many of the coffee farms (or fincas) are open to visitors, and offer tastings and insights into the coffee growing process. Salento is one of the oldest towns in the area, and a popular base for exploring the region. It’s also close to the Cocora Valley (Valle Cocora), home to the wax palm—the tallest palms in the world and Colombia’s national tree, they can grow to nearly 200 feet tall! Other area highlights include charming Filandia, known for its handicraft, and the hot springs of Termales San Vicente and Termales Santa Rosa.

Scenic beaches and tropical islands

With two coastlines, along the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, there’s no shortage of beaches in Colombia. Enjoy some of the country’s prettiest beaches in Tayrona National Park and nearby Playas de Palomino. Cartagena offers easy access to several beaches, including Playa Blanca, Manzanillo del Mar, and La Boquilla. Located off the coast of Cartagena, the Roasario Islands are a group of 30 islands, offering secluded beaches, and an incredible underwater ecosystem that’s protected as a national park. For a truly idyllic experience, head to one of the islands of San Andrés archipelago, near the coast of Nicaragua: Providencia, San Andrés, and Santa Catalina, with gorgeous gold and white sand beaches, clear waters, and a laid-back vibe.

Lost cities and ancient ruins

Hidden deep in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains, the Lost City (Ciudad Perdida) was only discovered in the 1970s. Established in the 8th century, the former Tayrona capital features 169 carved terraces, making it one of the largest pre-Colombian settlements ever discovered and much older than Machu Picchu. In southwest Colombia, the small mountain town of San Agustín is home to more than 500 statues, monoliths, and burial mounds created by a mysterious culture between the first and 12th centuries. Meanwhile, more than 100 unusual and elaborate underground tombs have been found in and around Tierradentro. Unique in the Americas, they were left by an unknown culture.

Remote dunes and deserts

The remote desert peninsula of Guajira is the northernmost point in Colombia, and all of South America. Home of the indigenous Wayuu tribe, it’s a stark and surreal landscape where a massive dessert meets towering sand dunes and the glistening ocean. Colombia’s kite-surfing capital, Cabo de la Vela, can also be found here. For a truly surreal landscape, head to the Tatacoa Desert (Desierto de Tatacoa). Filled with dramatic red and gray sculpted canyons and surrounded by mountains, the sky here is incredibly clear, making it a great spot for stargazing, and an ideal location of an observatory.

Catholic Church in San José, Costa Rica
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How to Spend One Day in San José, Costa Rica

Whether San José is your final destination, or you’re just passing through on your way to the jungle or beach, the capital of Costa Rica offers plenty of things to see and do. San José is also the country’s largest city, with a vibrant cultural and culinary scene. Here’s how to make the most of one full day in San José, from morning to night.

MORNING:

Browse the Central Market (or Mercado Central)

Start your day with breakfast at the Central Market. Located along Central Avenue (Avenida Central) in downtown San José, it’s been a local institution since 1880. Spanning an entire city block, you’ll find more than 200 stalls, shops, and eateries of different sizes, selling goods ranging from fresh fruits and vegetables, flowers, cooked food, and more. Fuel up with a good cup of coffee, and try the typical breakfast dish of gallo pinto (rice and beans) or chorreadas (pancakes), then browse for souvenirs. Other good options for souvenir shopping include La Casona and the Municipal Craft Market, both located nearby.

Walk Along Central Avenue (Avenida Central)

Central Avenue is the main thoroughfare of San José, full of shops, restaurants, street performers, and all kinds of vendors. The stretch between Calle 9 and Calle 14 is closed to vehicles and particularly ideal for strolling. You’ll pass by several parks, plazas, museums, and other attractions. As you head east from the Central Market, you’ll soon pass by the Metropolitan Cathedral of San José (Catedral Metropolitana), an impressive neoclasscical building with beautiful stained glass windows and a massive pipe organ. Stop next door at the Central Park (Parque Central de San Jose) for some people watching, or head further east to the always busy Culture Plaza (Plaza de la Cultura) or Democracy Plaza (Plaza de la Democracia), with its many open-air markets.

AFTERNOON:

Grab Lunch at a Soda

Sodas are traditional, often family-run, restaurants where you will get an authentic taste of Costa Rican cuisine at a great value. Try the typical lunch of casado (rice beans, and your choice of protein and several side dishes), arroz con pollo (rice with chicken), sopa negra (black bean soup), or patacones (fried plantains), and don’t miss trying the chileras (spicy pickled vegetables). Soda Tapia is a highly rated soda, but you can find many other good options downtown. If you’re too full from breakfast for a full meal, you can grab a quick snack from a street vendor, like an empanada (fried turnover) or a cup of ceviche (raw fish marinated in citrus juices).

Visit a Museum

Within downtown, there are several excellent museums located just a few blocks of each other. Learn all about Costa Rica’s history at the National Museum (Museo Nacional de Costa Rica), housed in the historic Bellavista Fort. The selection of pre-Columbia artifacts is particularly impressive, and the butterfly garden small but beautiful. Several nearby museums are also worth a visit: explore several floors of indigenous gold, ceramic, and stone artifacts at the Pre-Columbian Gold Museum (Museo de Oro Colombino), the world’s largest collection of pre-Columbian jade artifacts at the Jade Museum (Museo de Jade), and modern art, sculpture, and photographs at the Museum of Contemporary Art and Design (Museo de Arte Y Diseño Contemporáneo or MADC).

Tour the National Theater (Teatro Nacional Costa Rica)

Constructed in the late 1800s, the National Theater is the most opulent building in San José, and well worth a visit. If you’re short on time, you can simply walk around the outside of the building, taking in the impressive architecture, statues, and landscaping, but a guided tour will give you the best insights and a view of its lavish furnishings. For the full experience, enjoy a performance at the theater, held several times weekly. Alternatively, catch a play, opera, or traditional Spanish zarzuelas (a humorous operetta) at the Melico Salazar Theater.

EVENING:

Sample the Flavors at Barrio Escalante

This trendy neighborhood has developed a reputation as the gastronomic hub of San José. A food tour is a great way to sample the best the area has to offer with a local guide. Or head to Calle 33, known as the neighborhood’s gastronomic walk (paseo gastronomico), full of restaurant after restaurant offering all types of cuisines. After dinner, don’t miss sampling the sweets made from locally grown cacao at Tapir Chocolates. For sweet treats infused with alcohol, try the artisanal ice cream at Galway Escalante or the slushies at Neon Ice Escalante.

Explore the Nightlife

There are plenty of options for nightlife in San José. Check out the craft beer and gastropub scene in Barrio Escalante, with standouts like the Costa Rica Beer Factory, Wilk Craft Beer, and the Lupulus Beer Shop. Or head to the University District of San Pedro with its vibrant pub scene. Check out some live music at the Jazz Café (which offers all styles of music, not just jazz), or dance the night away to salsa, cumbia, and merengue at Castro’s. To try your luck at a casino, head over to Casino Club Colonial or Casino Concorde. You can also find casinos in many of the city’s luxury hotels.

Peru
Latin America

Your Ultimate Guide to a Week in Peru

The majesty of the Amazon, the mystery of cloud forests, the beauty of Pacific shorelines. Peru is a land of intricate ecosystems and archeological marvels. Planning a Peruvian adventure is quite a feat, and embarking with a lay of the land can help you make the most of your travels. In this guide, we’ll journey through the destinations, history, and flavors that form the tapestry of Peru.

Discovering Peru’s Flora and Fauna

Pack a field guide, hiking shoes, and a pair of binoculars! Peru is home to vast landscapes and incredible opportunities to observe wildlife. Rainforests, deserts, coastlines, glaciers: no matter where your journey takes you, there’s much to discover.

Along with its Pacific shorelines and the mountainous peaks of the Andes, the Amazon rainforest forms nearly 60% of Peru. You’ll find an abundance of wildlife throughout Peru’s various ecosystems, including jaguars, spectacled bears, and humpback whales. And if you’re a birding enthusiast, you’ve come to the right place! From quetzals and macaws to the Andean condor, keep your eyes peeled! Peru is home to 1,800 species of birds, and over 100 species are endemic.

Peru also celebrates an array of beautiful plant life, from tropical ferns to cacti. The orchid specifically draws visitors from around the world: in fact, Peru is home to about 10% of all the world’s orchid species. In the land surrounding Machu Picchu alone, it’s estimated that over 300 species of orchids bloom. Their gorgeous foliage and colors truly add an enchanting air to the historic site.

There are so many ways to explore Peru, from boat excursions and train voyages to canopy tours and kayaking adventures. Remember that wherever you set off to, you’ll likely encounter challenging terrain, mist, and heavy rainfall (also, remember that in Peru, spring and summer run from September to March, and autumn and winter from March till September!). Among your travel essentials, be sure to pack sturdy walking shoes, a hat, and layers that include weather-friendly garments.

And we must of course highlight the smiling faces you are undoubtedly looking forward to during your trip to Peru: the camelids! Camelids refer to a family of several species, and in Peru you’ll find llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and guanacos. Over the centuries, Peru’s camelids have held an integral role in both commerce and everyday life, providing transportation and fibers for textiles. In addition to many a photo opportunity, you’re sure to find many a souvenir themed around these local cuties.

Peru Dazzles with Design and Innovation

Throughout your travels in Peru, you’re sure to be amazed by Peru’s natural beauty, as well as its architectural jewels and handcrafted artistry. From archeological sites to traditional textiles, you’ll find exquisite design woven into every detail.

The Inca fortress Ollantaytambo, for example, is an archaeological marvel. Located in Peru’s Sacred Valley, Ollantaytambo is believed to have once been a sanctuary for Inca royalty. You’ll find stones carved with great precision, agricultural terraces and storehouses, and an aqueduct system that still works to this day. Considering the site’s altitude and terrain, the building of this Inca refuge is quite a feat, indeed. Visit the impressive Inca fortress of Ollantaytambo on our 10 Day Classic Peru

Then of course, there’s Machu Picchu. This awe-inspiring destination, a UNESCO World Heritage site, reflects the architectural ingenuity of the Inca empire. Machu Picchu’s temples, terraces, and irrigation systems have astounded travelers from all over the globe. With remarkable design, great mystery surrounding the site’s origins, and magnificent scenery, it’s no wonder this wonder tops many a travel list.

And Peru’s design achievements are not only relics of the past. At the Uros Islands, you’ll discover an entire community built on design and creativity. Known as the floating islands, the Uros Islands on Lake Titicaca are literally built out of totora, an aquatic plant found in the region. Even the island’s dwellings and fishing boats are crafted from the totora plant. Much of Peru’s historic design seems to seamlessly integrate with the natural landscape, and this fascinating locale reflects that same attention and care.

The artistry of Peru is also beautifully reflected in its textiles. From tapestries to clothing, the vibrant textiles of Peru are truly a sight to behold. At Lima’s National Museum of Archeology, Anthropology, and History of Peru, you’ll find thousands of textiles dating back to 2500 BC. And at Awana Kancha in Cusco, you can observe demonstrations of traditional weaving techniques – plus spend time with some very adorable camelids.

Exploring Peruvian Cuisine

Between its coastal locale, abundant rainforests, and rich agricultural history, you can certainly look forward to incredible cuisine in Peru! Here’s a gathering of produce you’ll find integrated throughout every menu, plus beloved local dishes to add to your foodie itinerary:

You must, of course, dive into some ceviche during your travels! Ceviche’s name comes from the Quechua word “siwichi”, which means fresh fish. Peru’s national dish is bright and refreshing, featuring fish marinated in citrus juices and combined with onions, chili peppers, and herbs. You’ll often find ceviche served alongside sweet potato, plantain chips, or corn.

If you’re a fan of the mighty potato, you’ll totally dig Peru’s culinary offerings. Peru is home to over 1,000 varieties of native potatoes in an array of beautiful colors. You’ll find them in dishes like causa – a tiered dish of mashed potatoes with layers that include other delicious ingredients like tuna or avocado. Depending on when you travel, you may also discover local festivities surrounding this acclaimed tuber: in Peru, National Potato Day is celebrated on May 30th. And if you’re all about dessert, here are a couple of iconic sweets to look out for. Suspiro a la limeña is a creamy dessert with notes of vanilla and cinnamon and topped with meringue, while picarones are sure to bring joy to any donut aficionados in your group. The fried, ring-shaped treats can be made from sweet potato, squash, or pumpkin, and are served drizzled with honey. Both of these desserts date back nearly 200 years in Peru, and are a delightful finale to any meal.

Machu Pichu
Latin America

5 Fascinating Facts About Machu Picchu

Nestled in the Andes Mountains at an elevation of nearly 8,000 feet, the Inca refuge of Machu Picchu has fascinated travelers from around the globe. From its cloud forests to its remarkable design, the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu is a site woven with mystery and wonder.

If you’re embarking on an adventure to Machu Picchu, you’ll want to be well versed in the astounding destination you’re about to experience. Here, we’ll explore the history and architecture of Machu Picchu, plus current initiatives to help protect this iconic site and its surrounding ecosystems.

The Role of Machu Picchu in the Inca Empire is Still a Mystery

Though Machu Picchu was built centuries ago, its existence was made known to the world in the early 1900s. Historians date the construction of Machu Picchu to the 15th or 16th century. The site is made up of structures that would serve various purposes, including temples, dwellings, and structures that appear to function as ancient clocks or calendars.

Because of this, there are still multiple theories as to the purpose of Machu Picchu’s creation and its role in Inca society. Some scholars have hypothesized Machu Picchu could have been a center of trade, or a coronation site for kings. Most modern-day archeologists now believe it was either a religious site or a royal estate.

There still remains much to be discovered, and new clues continue to piece together the story of this historic sanctuary. Just this year, researchers published new data revealing Machu Picchu may be decades older than once believed. While timelines up until recently were pieced together by historical accounts, radiocarbon dating now shows Machu Picchu’s origins may go back to 1420, or even earlier. Indeed, the mystery continues to unfold!

Machu Picchu Reflects Innovative Design

In Quechua, Machu Picchu means “Old Peak” or “Old Mountain.” Machu Picchu’s design seems to naturally extend from and integrate with the environment, creating an awe-inspiring sight amongst the clouds. Throughout this historic sanctuary, you’ll find terraces, monuments, and water fountains. And what is unseen is just as impressive: excavations have discovered an intricate underground drainage system that helps provide stability to the site’s foundation.

Some of the most famous sights at Machu Picchu include the Temple of the Sun, the Intihuatna Stone (believed to be an astronomical tool), and the Temple of the Condor. Look closely at the stones, and you’ll be amazed at their cut and precision. The Incas used a masonry technique called ashlar to build Machu Picchu, and stones are cut to fit without mortar.

Machu Picchu was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1983. The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu was awarded this honor for both its environmental and archeological treasures. Its World Heritage designation covers over 30,000 hectares surrounding the site.

The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is a Journey Through History

Visiting Machu Picchu is a travel dream for those fascinated by history and nature, and it also draws thousands of trekking enthusiasts each year. The Inca Trail – an ancient route navigated by the Incas from the Sacred Valley to Machu Picchu – is considered one of the most famous hikes in South America.

The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is just one part of an extensive trail system that weaves throughout Peru and surrounding regions. These trails were essential to the Inca Empire in transporting goods and maintaining communication between the Inca’s various territories.

Today, the Inca Trail typically takes several days to complete. Along the way, trekkers experience an immersive journey through Peru’s jungles and great heights, capping each evening under canopies of stars. The trail courses through rugged mountain terrain, brilliant rainforest, and passes several other archeological sites before arriving at Inti Punku – Machu Picchu’s Sun Gate. For those who embark on the adventure, this 24-mile trail is both challenging and incredibly rewarding. Experience the Inca Trail with our 7 Day Peru & Machu Picchu tour.

Machu Picchu is Surrounded by Abundant Ecosystems

Machu Picchu is not only a historical sanctuary, but a home for an abundance of flora and fauna. Its proximity to the mountains, rainforest, and Urubamba River provides a nourishing environment for nature to thrive.

Hundreds of species of birds and butterflies live in the region, along with spectacled bears, alpacas, and vizcachas. Many of the species in the region are endemic, meaning they can only be found in Peru. And along with verdant terrain, you’ll also find an exquisite array of orchids in the area. Peru is home to about 10% of the world’s orchid species, and over 300 species have been identified in Machu Picchu alone.

The architecture of Machu Picchu also beautifully compliments the surrounding environment. The main gate, for example, frames the peak of Huayna Picchu, while windows throughout the site offer picturesque views of the Urubamba River. And though Machu Picchu’s fountains provided the practical functions of water supply, their design also suggests an Inca appreciation for the sight and sound of flowing water.

Machu Picchu is Leading the Way in Sustainability

Machu Picchu is a pillar of design and innovation, and today, Peru is going to great lengths to preserve its beauty for future generations. A number of efforts are currently underway to ensure the longevity of the site and align with Peru’s Paris Agreement goals.

For example, entrance to Machu Picchu via hiking trails or railroad provides low-carbon transportation, while single-use plastics are forbidden. A biodiesel plant transforms cooking oil from neighboring restaurants and hotels into eco-friendly fuel (and keeps it from spilling into the Vilcanota River). Also, a reforestation project is in motion, with the goal of planting one million trees around the ancient site. Among its many accolades, Machu Picchu was recently awarded another very exciting one: the world’s first carbon neutral certified tourist destination. As Peru aims to reduce carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 and reach carbon neutrality by 2050, this certification reflects Machu Picchu’s climate commitments and initiatives.

Mykonos
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Island Explorations in Greece

Discover Our Destination Guide to Mykonos and Santorini

With over 200 islands, the thought of island hopping in Greece may be, well, overwhelming. In this guide, we’ll focus on two destinations that are world-renowned: Mykonos and Santorini. Both Mykonos and Santorini are home to compelling history and mythology, reflect iconic Greek architecture, and showcase dynamic Mediterranean cuisine. Whatever your travel vibe, there is truly something for everyone in the Cyclades.

We offer various tours that include multiple-day stops in both Mykonos and Santorini. Island hopping, then, is more like island traversing: itineraries with enough time to truly gain a sense of place and savor an island sunset. Here, you’ll find insights on archeological destinations, local cuisine, plus travel tips to help you maximize your time in the Cyclades. Let’s dive in!

Unearthing Museums and Design Marvels In Mykonos

In recent years, the island of Mykonos has made a name for itself amongst jet setters and celebrities. But there’s much history and culture to discover away from the cosmopolitan hustle and bustle. Throughout Mykonos, there are plenty of opportunities to explore history, connect with nature, and dine on traditional dishes. And if you happen to be an architecture buff or a photography aficionado, Mykonos is a dream.

In Mykonos, you’ll find enchanting examples of Cyclades architecture. Brilliant white walls, cubed houses, and bright blue doors create a gorgeous skyline along turquoise seas. Combined with centuries-old windmills, domed churches, and cobbled pathways, you’ll find beautiful sights at every turn. Grab your camera at sunrise or sunset for a truly awe-inspiring photo session (and don’t forget a solid pair of walking shoes!).

Mykonos is also home to several museums that provide an in-depth look at life in Greece throughout the ages. The Aegean Maritime Museum displays historical photographs, artifacts, and replicas of ancient ships, while the Folklore Museum features artwork, textiles, and musical instruments from the 1800s.

The Archaeological Museum of Mykonos is one of the oldest museums in Greece, and houses artifacts dating back thousands of years. And for another architectural and historical gem, visit the Panagia Paraportiani. This centuries-old church, which is actually several churches joined together, is an iconic sight in Mykonos.

Discovering Mykonos Flavors and Folklore

Of course, all this exploring builds quite an appetite! Throughout the island you’ll find staples of Greek cuisine, from grilled octopus to honey pie. Be sure to save some room for kopanisti: this salty, peppery cheese is a staple in Mykonos, and is often served atop bread with fresh tomatoes and olive oil.

While you’re exploring local restaurants and cafes, be sure to snap a photo of the pelicans that call the island home. They’re considered a mascot of sorts in Mykonos, in honor of a now famous pelican rescued in the 50s by a fisherman, who the locals endearingly named Petros.

A couple other interesting tidbits about Mykonos: legend says the island was formed by the petrified remains of giants defeated by Hercules! And for more history (plus a truly remote Greek experience), head to the island of Delos, located just a few miles from Mykonos. The island is literally one big archeological site, and is also a UNESCO world heritage site.

Discovering Volcanic Beaches and Delightful Cuisine in Santorini

Next stop, Santorini. Santorini is home to exquisite sights that are truly quintessential Greece: brilliant waters, blue-domed churches, and coastal towns carved into the terrain. Santorini actually consists of a group of islands, and is not only a popular tourist and wedding destination, but a locale immersed in fascinating geological and historical gems.

The region where Santorini is located has experienced extensive volcanic activity throughout history. One particular eruption – over 3,000 years ago, during the Minoan Age – created a massive, underwater crater known as a caldera. Fun fact: locals and researchers alike have suggested Santorini may be the location of the lost city of Atlantis.

Out and About: Activities in Santorini

With all this ancient geological activity comes much to explore! If you love the beach, you’ll find picturesque shorelines of red, white, and black sand, along with volcanic rock. Scuba diving enthusiasts can navigate beautiful underwater formations and clear, turquoise waters (while keeping an eye out for signs of Atlantis, of course!).

There are an array of routes to discover Santorini, from horseback riding to sunset cruises, guided hikes to ATV excursions. Just remember that wherever your day’s travels take you to, you’ll most likely encounter steep or rugged terrain. Even if you have a beach day in mind, you might want to leave your flip flops at home.

On the foodie front, you can dive into classic Greek fare throughout Santorini, but be sure to leave room for some of the island’s acclaimed local ingredients. Fava beans, capers, and cherry tomatoes are all trademark ingredients in Santorini, as is the whimsical white aubergine (eggplant). If you’ve never been much of a fan of eggplant, give white aubergine a try! They’re celebrated for being much sweeter than most aubergines.

Unlocking History in Santorini

A visit to Santorini offers many opportunities to learn about the vast history of the region. Reflecting Santorini’s ancient history is Akrotiri. Remember that massive volcano eruption, circa 1600 BC? Although Akrotiri was buried in volcanic ash, it actually preserved much of the town’s structures, and even artwork. An exploration of the archeological site reveals remarkably intact, centuries-old houses and frescoes. At the Museum of Prehistoric Thera, you can examine artifacts that have been excavated from Akrotiri. And no trip to Santorini would be complete without visiting Oia. The village is one of the most photographed locales in all of Greece. While in Oia, visit the Naval Maritime Museum, where you’ll find a treasure trove of seafaring relics inside a renovated 19th century mansion. The museum displays collections of historical maps, masts, and naval equipment. Just make sure to leave your evening clear to catch the Oia sunset: a brilliant way to cap the day, and a sight that has mesmerized travelers from around the globe.

Greek Cuisine
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Discovering Greek Cuisine

A deep dive into Greece’s ancient and abundant culinary offerings.

Its roots trace back thousands of years, and its nutritional boons are celebrated around the globe. The flavors of Greek cuisine are vibrant, nourishing, and a beautiful reflection of Greece’s land and sea. From fresh seafood to savory pies, you’ll find inspired dishes throughout the region. Experience the flavors of Greece on one of our many trips to the region.

Exploring Iconic Greek Fare

We’ll dive into specific Greek dishes in a bit, but first, some history. Whether you’re dining at a historic tavern, meandering through a local market, or sailing the Mediterranean Sea, these iconic flavors are sure to be woven throughout your Greek experience:

Olives: The olive tree is not only a foundational element of Greek cuisine, its significance reaches throughout Greek culture. The Greeks have been cultivating olives for millennia, and olives are richly tied to Greek cuisine, commerce, mythology, and design. There are even entire museums in Greece dedicated to the olive and its history.

You’ll find olives on every Greek table, served as sides, piled on salads, or stuffed with herbs. And olive oil is incorporated in virtually every Greek dish, as marinades, cooking oil, and dressings.

Honey: Did you know honey has been celebrated in Greece for as long as olive oil – and perhaps even longer? Depictions of bees can be found in ancient coins and jewelry dating back thousands of years, and honey was used as a food sweetener by the ancient Greeks.

Today, there are over 20,000 beekeepers in Greece, and over one million hives. The flavors of local honey will differ based on what the bees are dining on. In Greece, you can sample flavors like thyme, citrus, and chestnut honey, and you’ll find honey in popular dishes like baklava and pasteli.

Seafood: There’s just something about a gorgeous plate of seafood paired with al fresco dining and salty sea breezes. Greece’s connection to the sea is reflected throughout their culinary offerings. Mussels, octopus, oysters, squid: if you love seafood, get ready to feast!

Seafood is often served as meze, or an appetizer. Grilled octopus is a popular dish, as are marides – tiny fish that are fried and eaten whole. You’ll also find seafood in stews, pastas, or savory pies. After a day of exploring, your group is sure to delight in a seaside spread of Greek’s maritime delicacies.

The Health Benefits of Greek Cuisine

It’s important to stay fueled up while exploring Greece’s archaeological wonders and awe-inspiring landscapes. Foodies, rejoice! In Greece, you can indulge in the flavors of your destination, and feel great about doing it. Greek food is not only delicious, it’s celebrated for being super healthy, too.

The Mediterranean diet is inspired by the cuisine of Greece, and all countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean diet emphasizes lots of veggies, fruits, legumes, and fish – and limits excessive red meat, dairy, and sugar. This is very aligned with local produce in the region and traditional dishes.

Studies have found that the Mediterranean diet can offer an array of health boosts, like lowering cholesterol and blood pressure. So, dive in! Feel free to drizzle olive oil on everything, and enjoy a generous plate of grilled fish or dolmades. You may even discover inspiration to incorporate into your rhythms back home.

Essential Greek Dishes

With such a rich history, it’s nearly impossible to hone in on must-trys when it comes to Greek food. However, these dishes are a great introduction. Preparations will vary by region, but whether you’re nestled in a quaint cafe or savoring a multi-course seaside meal, here are iconic Greek dishes to add to your culinary bucket list.

Tzatziki: Cherished by foodies across the globe, tzatziki is a dipping sauce made from Greek yogurt, cucumber, garlic, and olive oil. Some preparations also include lemon juice and herbs. This cool, tangy dip is a refreshing accompaniment to any meal. You’ll see tzatziki everywhere, served with bread, grilled meats, and veggie dishes.

Spoon Sweets: Spoon sweets are essentially fruit preserves, served in a teaspoon as a sign of hospitality. While there are some spoon sweets that incorporate vegetables or seeds, they usually highlight fruits of the season, like figs, apricots, and cherries. These traditional sweets are a warm welcome to Greece, and a wonderful way to sample seasonal flavors.

Dolmadakia: These stuffed vine leaves hail back to ancient times, and can be served warm or cold. Though they may be filled with minced meat and vegetables, they are usually a vegetarian dish filled with rice and herbs. These little green pockets of yumminess are sure to delight your table the moment they arrive. Sprinkle them with a bit of lemon and olive oil for the perfect bite.

Kakavia: This tasty fish soup is known as the fisherman’s soup. Local fishermen used to sit ashore or on their boats and add fish to their soup straight from their nets, combined with olive oil and lemon in a nice, briny broth. Today you can find kakavia along with vegetables like onions, carrots, and celery.

Moussaka: A fan favorite! This beloved dish is probably one of the most famous dishes in Greek cuisine. Similar to a casserole, moussaka features aubergines (eggplants), potato, and minced meat, topped with a bechamel sauce. With a golden crust and layers of flavor, it’s a hearty, comforting dish. Pair with a beautiful salad for a truly special meal.

Spanakopita: The main stars of this savory pie are spinach and its beautiful encasing of flaky, crunchy phyllo pastry. Feta cheese, onions, or parsley are also often included with the filling. With only a few ingredients, spanakopita is fairly easy to prepare. Be sure to ask your guide about their favorite way to serve spanakopita – then recreate it back home in your own kitchen!

Baklava: Time for dessert! Baklava is an acclaimed dessert, and really encompasses the flavors of Greece. Layers of phyllo pastry, chopped nuts (like pistachios and walnuts), and honey combine for a dessert that’s sweet, crunchy, and oh so delicious. Pair with coffee after dinner, or for breakfast, or at any time of the day!

Dubrovnik
EuropeMediterranean

7 Sights to See in Dubrovnik

A trip to Dubrovnik is like a step back in time. As soon as you enter the city gates, you’ll be transported to a world filled with lively squares, awe-inspiring fortresses, and ornate palaces. But what’s even more breathtaking is that the city is perched directly on the shimmery blue waters of the Adriatic Sea.

One of the best ways to explore Dubrovnik is by getting lost amongst the labyrinth of cobbled streets and hidden alleys, soaking in the old-world atmosphere that predates modern life by almost 1,500 years. Along the way, stop to visit these historic sites and see why Dubrovnik has earned its rightful title as the “Pearl of the Adriatic.”

Rector’s Palace

With Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architectural elements, Rector’s Palace is one of the most stunning buildings in all of Dubrovnik. However, this architectural masterpiece has gone through its fair share of turmoil since it was constructed in the 14th-century.

Over the course of 200 years, the building was burned to the ground, destroyed in a gunpowder explosion, and damaged by two separate earthquakes. As a result, multiple architects contributed to its reconstruction over the years, giving Rector’s Palace a unique style that incorporates centuries of architectural design.

The inside of Rector’s Palace is equally as noteworthy as it’s now home to the Cultural History Museum of Dubrovnik.

Dominican Monastery

Nestled on the upper east side of the city walls is the Dominican Monastery. At first glance, it looks like many other buildings in the old city with its terra cotta-colored roof and fortress-like stone façade. However, its signature feature is the imposing bell tower which overlooks the port of Dubrovnik.

Inside the monastery, you’ll find one of the most impressive collections of art, from iconic painters including Lovro Dobričević, Nikola Božidarević, and even Titan. But the art pales in comparison to the monastery’s Gothic-Renaissance cloister, which was constructed by Florentine sculpter Maso di Bartolomeo.

Luža Square

Bustling at all hours of the day, Luža Square is the beating heart of Dubrovnik’s local life. Not only is it bordered by some of the city’s most notable buildings, including the Church of St. Blaise, Sponza Palace, and the iconic Dubrovnik clocktower. At its center stands Orlando’s Column, a monument depicting a medieval knight with a sword and shield.

The best time to visit is in the early morning or late afternoon when you can grab a table at one of the neighboring cafes and watch locals going about their day.

Sponza Palace

Unlike other buildings in Dubrovnik, the stately Sponza Palace is one of the only structures to survive the devastating earthquake in 1667. You can’t miss it – the arched Renaissance portico and sculptured Gothic windows make it an eye-catching sight as it looms over Luža Square.

Sponza Palace has had multiple functions over the past few centuries. It was a customs office, armory, treasury, bank, and mint manufacture, although it’s currently home to the city archives.

St. John’s Fortress

A testament to Dubrovnik’s medieval defense system, the monumental St. John’s Fortress stands a military watchman guarding the old harbor. During times of invasion, the fortress could close up the port with heavy chains at first sight of encroaching pirates or enemy ships.

It’s built into part of the old city walls, so you’ll be able to visit the upper terrace and century-old canons as you make your way around the perimeter. However, it’s also worth stepping foot inside the fortress, which is now an aquarium and maritime museum.

Old City Walls

For one of the best views in Dubrovnik, take an exhilarating walk along the ancient city walls. Built in the 9th-century, these fortified walls once protected the heart of the city against invaders. While the walls are an impressive feat on their own (they’re 20-feet thick and 80-feet high in some places), it’s the breathtaking birds-eye-view over the red-roofed city and sparkling Adriatic that makes them worth climbing.

The panoramic path encircles the entire city clocks in at 1.2 miles, so it’s a relatively long walk to see all the sites. In addition to the spectacular water views, you’ll also pass by watchtowers, drawbridges, and fortresses.

Stradun

Dissecting through the old town from east to west is the limestone-paved walkway referred to as Stradun. For nearly 700 years, Stradun has been the main thoroughfare of Dubrovnik. Not much has changed since it was constructed after the 1667 earthquake, so you’ll be able to experience life like an authentic Dubrovnik local.

Start at Pile Gate and meander towards Orlando Column at the other end, admiring the Baroque houses, charming cafes, and local storefronts flanked on either side of the street. As one of Croatia’s most fascinating cities, Dubrovnik is a must-see for history lovers and culture buffs. Whether you’re exploring the fortresses, admiring the exquisite architecture, or simply soaking in the fresh sea breeze from atop the ancient walls, there’s plenty to see in this magnificent city. Visit Dubrovnik on several different tours to Croatia with Gate 1 Travel.

Croatia Seaside Escape
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5 Spectacular Seaside Escapes in Croatia

With over 1,100 miles of shoreline hugging the coast of the Adriatic Sea, Croatia is a wonderland for those seeking a bit of sun and sand. Between the charming coastal villages and lush, dreamlike landscapes, it’s easy to see why Croatia is considered one of the best beach destinations in the Balkans. Although the entire country is postcard-worthy, the following areas are our top picks for an idyllic seaside getaway.

1. Hvar

Located just off the coast between Split and Dubrovnik, the island of Hvar is the perfect mix of history, culture, and natural beauty. It’s blessed with over 2,800 hours of sunshine each year, making it the sunniest island in the Adriatic. But besides spending your days lounging on the beaches or splashing in the turquoise waters, you’ll also have plenty of fascinating sites to see inland, especially in Hvar Town and Stari Grad.

Get lost amongst the cobblestone streets of Venetian architecture, trek to the top of the Spanish Fortress for sweeping seaside views, or simply unwind with a glass of wine or cocktail while you watch the sunset at a beach bar. Spend 2 nights in Hvar on Gate 1’s 13 Day Dalmatian Isles, Croatia & Slovenia tour.

2. Opatija

Opatija’s history as a resort destination dates back to the 19th century when Austro-Hungarian royals would retreat down the coast to escape the harsher winters up north. Even to this day, the opulent atmosphere is ever-present as the town is dotted with grandiose mansions, manicured gardens, and stroll-worthy promenades overlooking the sea.

After indulging in the luxurious lifestyle of the old town, feel free to venture up to Mount Učka, whose 4,580-foot peak looms over the Opatija riviera. From the summit, you’ll have panoramic views of the coast and picturesque Slatina and Lido rocky beaches down by the ocean.

3. Korcula

Marked by lush pine forests, secluded pebble beaches, and century-old olive groves, Korcula is one of Croatia’s most unspoiled destinations. Besides the wide array of outdoor activities (kayaking, boating, and scuba diving are incredibly popular), this island also attracts wine connoisseurs from around the world. Two of Croatia’s most famous grape varieties, Pošip and Grk, are produced right here on the island.

Of course, no trip to this seaside escape would be complete with a visit to the Old Town – home to the legendary explorer, Marco Polo. With its fortified walls and maze of red-roofed buildings overlooking the sparkling ocean, Korcula Old Town is referred to as the mini-Dubrovnik of the Dalmatian Coast.

4. Split

Croatia’s second-largest city is caught between the old world and the new. Its impressive 1,700-year history is dominated by Diocletian’s Palace, a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site and the historic heart of the old town. The elaborate city gates, sprawling stone courtyards, and towering cathedral towers are some of the best-preserved monuments from the Roman Empire.

But leave the palace walls, and you’ll find a vibrant community that sheds light on Split’s more modern side. You can catch a glimpse of local life at the many waterfront cafes, traditional restaurants, and bustling farmer’s markets flooded with locals and visitors alike. But if you’re looking for a bit of relaxation instead, you can always head to the nearby Bacvice Beach, which is home to one of the only sandy beaches on the Adriatic. Experience the beauty of Split on Gate 1’s 10 Day Croatia & Slovenia tour.

5. Šibenik

At the estuary where the Krka River meets the Adriatic, you’ll find the ancient settlement of Šibenik. While Croatia has its fair share of fortified cities, Šibenik is one of the most remarkable, with architecture that encompasses 1,000 years of history. In addition, it’s home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites (the Šibenik Cathedral and the St. Nicholas Fortress), two must-see attractions for any history buff.

Šibenik is also the ideal jumping-off point for exploring the Kornati Islands, a largely uninhabited archipelago part of the Kornati National Park. However, you don’t have to travel across the sea to enjoy the wilderness – Krka National Park is also just a stone’s throw away from the city. Croatia is synonymous with sun-soaked beaches, although the added benefit of having historic medieval cities and picturesque fishing villages also adds to its undeniable allure. It’s simply one of those places you must see for yourself to experience! Enjoy the best of what this Adriatic gem has to offer on one of our guided tours.